Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS), also known as Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A), is a sophisticated reproductive technology used during in vitro fertilization (IVF) to screen embryos for chromosomal abnormalities before their transfer into the uterus.
The main goal of PGS is to identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, as abnormalities in chromosome number (aneuploidy) are a common cause of implantation failure, miscarriages, and certain genetic disorders in pregnancies.
The PGS process involves the following key steps:
- Embryo Culturing: After fertilization through IVF, embryos are allowed to develop and grow in the laboratory for several days.
- Embryo Biopsy: On the fifth or sixth day of development, when the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, a few cells are carefully removed from the outer layer of the embryo for genetic analysis.
- Genetic Screening: The extracted cells are then subjected to genetic analysis, which may involve various techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), or next-generation sequencing (NGS). This analysis allows the identification of any chromosomal abnormalities.
- Embryo Selection: Based on the results of genetic screening, embryos with the correct number of chromosomes (euploid) are identified for transfer, increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy.
- Embryo Transfer: Only euploid embryos are selected for transfer into the recipient's uterus. Any remaining euploid embryos can be cryopreserved for future use.
PGS offers significant benefits to individuals and couples undergoing IVF, including:
- Increased Implantation Success: By selecting euploid embryos with the correct chromosome number, PGS enhances the chances of successful embryo implantation and reduces the risk of miscarriage.
- Reduced Risk of Genetic Disorders: PGS can identify embryos with chromosomal abnormalities that may lead to certain genetic disorders. The screening process helps in avoiding the transfer of embryos with severe genetic conditions.
- Enhanced Pregnancy Outcomes: The use of PGS has been associated with improved pregnancy rates, especially in older women or those with recurrent implantation failure.
- Family Balancing: PGS can also be used for family balancing or sex selection, allowing individuals or couples to choose the gender of their future child.
It is essential to note that while PGS can improve the likelihood of a successful pregnancy, it does not guarantee a pregnancy or the birth of a healthy child. PGS is a valuable tool in assisted reproductive technology that allows for more informed decisions and personalized embryo selection, leading to improved outcomes for individuals and couples seeking fertility treatments. To know more visit Medcy IVF website.